Biometric monitoring device having a body weight sensor, and methods of operating same

ABSTRACT

A system comprising a biometric monitoring device including a housing including a platform to receive at least one foot of the user, a body weight sensor to generate body weight data, processing circuitry to calculate user weight data which corresponds to the user&#39;s weight, using the body weight data, and communication circuitry to: (a) receive user identification data which identifies the user or a portable activity monitoring device, and (b) transmit the user weight data to data storage associated with the user identification data. The system further includes the portable activity monitoring device including a housing having a physical size and shape that is adapted to couple to the user&#39;s body, a sensor to generate sensor data, and communication circuitry to receive physiologic data which is based on the user weight data, and processing circuitry to calculate activity data using the sensor data and physiologic data.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/201,467, filed Mar. 7, 2014, which is itself a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 14/027,164, filed Sep. 14, 2013 and whichissued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,747,312 on Jun. 10, 2014, which is itself adivisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/929,868, filed Jun.28, 2013 and which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,696,569 on Apr. 15, 2014,which is itself a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/346,275, filed Jan. 9, 2012 and which issued as U.S. Pat. No.8,475,367 on Jul. 2, 2013, which itself claims benefit under 35 U.S.C.§119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/431,020, filed Jan. 9,2011, titled “BIOMETRIC MONITORING DEVICE HAVING A BODY WEIGHT SENSOR,AND METHODS OF OPERATING SAME,” all of which are hereby incorporated byreference herein in their entireties.

INTRODUCTION

The present inventions relate to a biometric monitoring device tocalculate, measure, assess and/or determine physiologic data using datafrom one or more sensors including a personal weight sensor or scale, tomeasure the weight of a user. The biometric monitoring device of thepresent inventions further includes a user interface to inputdata/commands and display physiologic information including, forexample, current information, historical information and/or currentinformation in view of historical information. Notably, the biometricmonitoring device may also include one or more additional sensors tosense, measure and/or detect other physiologic data, for example, datawhich is representative of body fat, fat-free mass, hydration, body cellmass, height, eye color, sun exposure, heart rate, respiratory rate,blood pressure and/or arterial stiffness.

The biometric monitoring device of the present inventions may includecommunication circuitry (wireless and/or wired) to transmit biometric orphysiologic data and/or receive, for display via the user interface, webcontent, news, traffic, weather, social content (for example, instantmessaging), advertisement, emails, calendar schedule, exercise or dietcoaching, instructions and/or data, and goal oriented information (forexample, a user's progress toward biometric or physiological goals(weight, body fat composition, caloric consumption, activity and/orsleep)) as well as biometric or physiologic information including, forexample, current information, historical information and/or currentinformation in view of historical information.

The historical information or data may include, for example, historicalweight and/or body fat data measured by the monitoring device (which maybe stored internally to and/or externally from the biometric monitoringdevice), historical user activity data, food consumption data, and/orsleep data (which may be measured or monitored by other personal and/orportable devices (for example, Fitbit's activity monitoring/trackingdevice and acquired by the biometric monitoring device), historical userbiometric or physiologic data (for example, heart rate, blood pressure,arterial stiffness, blood glucose levels, cholesterol, duration of TVwatching, duration of video game play and/or mood). Notably, suchhistorical data may be presented in graphical and/or textual form.

The communication circuitry of the biometric monitoring device of thepresent inventions may facilitate or provide external connectivity to,for example, the Internet and/or local external devices and/orappliances. In certain embodiments, the biometric monitoring device mayoperate, program and/or control such local external devices and/orappliances.

In certain aspects, the biometric monitoring device includes processingcircuitry to calculate physiologic data using data from one or morephysiological sensors of the biometric monitoring device. For example,processing circuitry in the monitoring device may employ the biometricor physiologic data to calculate, measure, assess and/or determine theuser's weight, body fat, fat-free mass, hydration (total body water,extracellular water, and intracellular water), body cell mass, heartrate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, height, eye color, sun exposureand/or arterial stiffness. The processing circuitry may employ anytechnique now known or later developed to calculate such biometric orphysiologic information. Notably, the processing circuitry may bepartially or wholly disposed external to the biometric monitoring devicewherein the external processing circuitry receives processed, partiallyprocessed and/or “raw” sensor data. Here, the external processingcircuitry partially or wholly calculates, assesses and/or determinescertain physiologic data of the user via the processes, partiallyprocessed and/or “raw” sensor data.

In another aspect of the present inventions, the biometric monitoringdevice (for example, as described above) may also include one or moreenvironmental sensors to detect, measure and/or sense ambientenvironmental conditions. For example, the environmental sensors maydetect, measure and/or sense ambient pressure, temperature, sound,light, humidity, location and/or atmosphere. In response thereto, thebiometric monitoring device of this aspect of the inventions, inaddition to monitoring, calculating, determining and/or sensingphysiologic data of a user, may provide status information to the userand/or control or operate such local external devices and/or appliancesin accordance with, for example, predetermined instructions

In yet another aspect of the present inventions, the biometricmonitoring device (for example, as described above) may includecommunication circuitry to receive and store and/or communicate/forward(for example, to local or remote data storage) activity and/orenvironmental data from one or more other monitoring devices that may beportable (for example, a device affixed to the user) or stationary (forexample, a household appliance or fixture). Here, the other monitoringdevices may include one or more activity sensors (e.g., to detect theactivity of the user) and/or environmental sensors to detect, measureand/or sense ambient environmental conditions. For example, theenvironmental sensors of the other monitoring devices may detect,measure and/or sense ambient pressure, temperature, sound, light,humidity, location and/or atmosphere. In response thereto, the biometricmonitoring device of this aspect of the inventions, in addition tomonitoring, calculating, determining and/or sensing physiologic data ofa user, may store (for example, in one or more resident storagedevices), and/or process data received from the other monitoringdevices, and/or upload such data (whether or not processed) to one ormore local or remote data storage devices (for example, via a local areanetwork (“LAN”), wide area network (“WAN”) or the Internet).

The biometric monitoring device may also transmit user identificationdata to correlate the physiologic data and/or activity data with aparticular user or particular device (external monitoring device and/orbiometric device). Here, the user identification data, or the like, isany data that identifies a particular user, a particular device and/orfrom which a particular user and/or device may be determined. Forexample, the user identification data may be data associated with aparticular user (for example, a particular value, character, number,combination thereof, and/or sequence thereof) and/or a particular device(for example, a particular value, character, number, combinationthereof, and/or sequence thereof). Indeed, in one embodiment, thebiometric monitoring device may be paired with one or more externalmonitoring devices (for example, one or more portable activitymonitoring devices) and receipt of data therefrom may be “assumed”,inferred or presumed to be associated with a user and/or externaldevice.

Notably, the user identification data may be data separate from thephysiologic, activity and/or environmental data and/or may beincorporated or integrated in the physiologic, activity and/orenvironmental data. Moreover, the user identification data may beimplied or inferred from the communication with an external device (forexample, portable activity monitoring device and/or biometric device)and/or implied or inferred from other data (for example, the physiologicdata from a biometric monitoring device and/or activity data orphysiologic data from a portable activity monitoring device and/orbiometric device). Indeed, the user identification data may bedetermined automatically (via data transfer using the communicationcircuitry) or manually (via user input using the user interface). Assuch, in one embodiment, the biometric monitoring device mayautomatically obtain the user identification data to provide/acquiredata which is representative of particular details of the user (forexample, height, weight, gender and/or age) from data storage (forexample, resident, local and/or remote data storage). Such details maybe employed by the processing circuitry to determine or calculatephysiologic data (for example, body fat and lean muscle mass).

In addition to receiving, storing and/or transmitting physiologic,activity data and/or environment data (for example, from one or moreexternal devices), the biometric monitoring device may provide statusinformation to the user and/or control or operate such local externaldevices and/or appliances in accordance with, for example, predeterminedinstructions based on or in response to the activity and/orenvironmental data received from the other monitoring devices and/or theexternal devices itself.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the course of the detailed description to follow, reference will bemade to the attached drawings. These drawings show different aspects ofthe present inventions and, where appropriate, reference numeralsillustrating like structures, components, materials and/or elements indifferent figures are labeled similarly. It is understood that variouscombinations of the structures, components, and/or elements, other thanthose specifically shown, are contemplated and are within the scope ofthe present inventions.

Moreover, there are many inventions described and illustrated herein.The present inventions are neither limited to any single aspect norembodiment thereof, nor to any combinations and/or permutations of suchaspects and/or embodiments. Moreover, each of the aspects of the presentinventions, and/or embodiments thereof, may be employed alone or incombination with one or more of the other aspects of the presentinventions and/or embodiments thereof. For the sake of brevity, certainpermutations and combinations are not discussed and/or illustratedseparately herein.

FIGS. 1A-1D are block diagram representations of exemplary biometricmonitoring devices, according to at least certain aspects of certainembodiments of the present inventions, wherein the biometric monitoringdevices, according to at least certain aspects of certain embodiments ofthe present inventions, includes one or more physiological sensors (forexample, a weight sensor/scale) and user interface, and, in certainembodiments, may also include processing circuitry and/or communicationcircuitry;

FIG. 2A is a block diagram representation of an exemplary physiologicalsensor including a weight sensor according to at least certain aspectsof certain embodiments of the present inventions;

FIGS. 2B and 2C are block diagram representations of exemplaryphysiological sensors including a weight sensor and a body fat sensor,heart rate sensor, blood pressure sensor, galvanic skin sensor, stresslevel sensor and/or arterial stiffness sensor according to at leastcertain aspects of certain embodiments of the present inventions;

FIGS. 3A-3G are block diagram representations of exemplary userinterfaces that may be incorporated in the exemplary biometricmonitoring devices according to at least certain embodiments of thepresent inventions;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram representation of exemplary processingcircuitry to calculate, assess and/or determine physiologic informationof the user based on data from one or more physiological sensors; theprocessing circuitry may include memory (for example, Flash memory, DRAMand/or SRAM) to store, for example, (i) sensor data and (ii) informationwhich is representative of the user's weight, percentage body fat, heartrate, blood pressure, arterial stiffness—for example, instantaneous,cumulative and/or over time (historically based data); notably, theprocessing circuitry may be discrete or integrated logic, and/or one ormore state machines, processors/controllers (suitably programmed) and/orfield programmable gate arrays (or combinations thereof); indeed, anycircuitry (for example, discrete or integrated logic, state machine(s),processor(s)/controller(s) (suitably programmed) and/or fieldprogrammable gate array(s) (or combinations thereof)) now known or laterdeveloped may be employed to calculate, determine, assess and/ordetermine the physiologic information of the user based on sensor data;

FIGS. 5A-5C are block diagram representations of communication circuitrythat may be incorporated in the exemplary biometric monitoring devicesaccording to at least certain embodiments of the present inventions;notably, the communication circuitry may implement or employ any form ofcommunications (for example, wireless, optical, or wired) and/orprotocol (for example, standard or proprietary) now known or laterdeveloped, all forms of communications and protocols are intended tofall within the scope of the present inventions (for example, Bluetooth,ANT, WLAN, Wi-Fi, power-line networking, all types and forms of Internetbased communications, and/or SMS);

FIG. 6A is a block diagram representation of an exemplary biometricmonitoring device, according to one or more of the embodiments describedand/or illustrated herein, in communication with one or more externaldevices and/or appliances, according to at least certain embodiments ofthe present inventions;

FIG. 6B is a block diagram representation of an exemplary biometricmonitoring device, according to one or more of the embodiments describedand/or illustrated herein, in communication with the Internet, accordingto at least certain embodiments of the present inventions;

FIG. 6C is a block diagram representation of an exemplary biometricmonitoring device, according to one or more of the embodiments describedand/or illustrated herein, in communication with (i) one or moreexternal devices and/or appliances and (ii) the Internet, according toat least certain embodiments of the present inventions, wherein in thisillustrative embodiment, the exemplary biometric monitoring device is acommunications hub between the one or more external devices and/orappliances and the Internet;

FIG. 6D is a block diagram representation of an exemplary externalportable monitoring device(s), according to one or more of theembodiments described and/or illustrated herein, in communication with(i) biometric monitoring device and (ii) the Internet, according to atleast certain embodiments of the present inventions, wherein in thisillustrative embodiment, the exemplary external portable monitoring is acommunications hub between the biometric monitoring device and theInternet;

FIGS. 7A-7D are exemplary illustrations of formats and presentations ofexemplary biometric-type data and content in a user interfaceincorporated in the biometric monitoring device and/or separatetherefrom (including, for example, a website (accessed via, for example,the Internet), mobile phone application, or program operating on apersonal computer), according to at least one embodiment of the presentinventions;

FIGS. 8A-8M illustrate exemplary work-flows of initial client/userset-up, site workflow and other programming workflow routines, accordingto at least one embodiment of the present inventions; wherein in oneembodiment, the user/client may program or customize the operations ofthe biometric monitoring device via the user interface, an externaldevice via the communication circuitry (for example, via wired orwireless connection to a computer or personal computing device) and/orthrough a web interface (e.g., www.fitbit.com) on the user interface ofthe biometric monitoring device or external device; notably, in apreferred embodiment, the setup of the biometric monitoring device for afirst client/user may be implemented without wired communication;moreover, these processes, including the initial setup of the biometricmonitoring device is accomplished by a client application or web browserrunning on a secondary device, for example, a personal computer ormobile phone; in one embodiment, network credentials, for example WiFiSSID and password, may be stored on the secondary device andcommunicated or transferred to the biometric monitoring device withoutthe user manually entering information by way of switching the secondarydevice to the network broadcast by the biometric monitoring device;

FIG. 9A-G illustrative exemplary website-based and/or mobile phone userinterfaces to control, interface and/or review settings and authorizedusers for the biometric monitoring device, according to at least oneembodiment of the present inventions; notably, as depicted in FIG. 9A, auser of the biometric monitoring device may have administrative accessto invite other users, delete other users, change device settings, etc.,but are not able to view personal information (e.g., weightmeasurements) for users other than their own; indeed, thisadministrative access model is adapted for situations in which multipleusers share the device;

FIGS. 10A-10C are block diagram representations of exemplary biometricmonitoring devices having one or more environment sensors, according toat least certain aspects of certain embodiments of the presentinventions, wherein the biometric monitoring devices, according to atleast certain aspects of certain embodiments of the present inventions,includes one or more physiological sensors (for example, a weightsensor/scale) and user interface, and, in certain embodiments, may alsoinclude processing circuitry and/or communication circuitry;

FIG. 11 is a block diagram representation of one or more exemplaryenvironmental sensors according to at least certain aspects of certainembodiments of the present inventions;

FIG. 12A is a block diagram representation of exemplary processingcircuitry to calculate, assess and/or determine ambient environment databased on data from one or more environmental sensors; the processingcircuitry may include memory (for example, Flash memory, DRAM and/orSRAM) to store, for example, (i) sensor data and (ii) information whichis representative of the ambient environment—for example, instantaneous,cumulative and/or over time (historically based data); notably, theprocessing circuitry may be discrete or integrated logic, and/or one ormore state machines, processors/controllers (suitably programmed) and/orfield programmable gate arrays (or combinations thereof); indeed, anycircuitry (for example, discrete or integrated logic, state machine(s),processor(s)/controller(s) (suitably programmed) and/or fieldprogrammable gate array(s) (or combinations thereof)) now known or laterdeveloped may be employed to calculate, determine, assess and/ordetermine ambient environment information based on environmental sensordata;

FIG. 12B is a block diagram representation of exemplary processingcircuitry to calculate, assess and/or determine physiologic informationof the user based on data from one or more physiological sensors (likethat illustrated in FIG. 5) and ambient environment data from one ormore environmental sensors (like that illustrated in FIG. 12A);

FIG. 13A is a block diagram representation of an exemplary biometricmonitoring device, according to at least certain aspects of certainembodiments of the present inventions, wherein the processing circuitrywhich calculates or determines physiologic information of the user basedon or using sensor data of the biometric monitoring device is externalto the biometric monitoring device;

FIG. 13B is a block diagram representation of an exemplary biometricmonitoring device, according to at least certain aspects of certainembodiments of the present inventions, wherein the biometric monitoringdevice includes certain processing circuitry and certain otherprocessing circuitry is external to the biometric monitoringdevices—wherein the internal and external processing circuitry, incombination, calculates or determines physiologic information of theuser based on or using sensor data of the biometric monitoring device;

FIG. 13C is a block diagram representation of an exemplary biometricmonitoring device including one or more physiological sensors and one ormore environment sensors, according to at least certain aspects ofcertain embodiments of the present inventions, wherein externalprocessing circuitry calculates or determines physiologic information ofthe user and/or ambient environmental information based on or usingsensor data of the biometric monitoring device;

FIG. 13D is a block diagram representation of an exemplary biometricmonitoring device, according to at least certain aspects of certainembodiments of the present inventions, wherein the biometric monitoringdevice includes certain processing circuitry and certain otherprocessing circuitry is external to the biometric monitoringdevices—wherein the internal and external processing circuitry, incombination, calculates or determines physiologic information of theuser and/or ambient environmental information based on or using sensordata of the biometric monitoring device;

FIG. 14 is an exemplary biometric monitoring device for calculatingand/or determining the weight of a user, according to at least certainaspects of certain embodiments of the present inventions, wherein theexemplary biometric monitoring device includes footpads, user interface(having one or more displays and one or more touch screens), processingcircuitry for calculating or determining physiologic information(including the user's weight) of the user, and communication circuitryfor (wireless and/or wired) transmission of physiologic data and/orreceipt of physiologic data and/or web content, news, traffic, weather,social content (for example, instant messaging), advertisement, emails,calendar schedule, diet coaching content, instructions and/or data, andgoal oriented information (for example, a user's progress towardbiometric goals (weight, body fat composition, caloric consumption,activity and/or sleep)) as well as biometric information including, forexample, current information, historical information and/or currentinformation in view of historical information;

FIGS. 15A-15D are exemplary configurations of physiological sensorlayouts of exemplary foot pads of an exemplary biometric monitoringdevice (for example, illustrated in FIG. 14) having a plurality ofphysiological sensors including a weight sensor, one or more LED-photodetector pairs and one or more bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)electrodes;

FIGS. 16A-16D are block diagram representations of exemplary biometricmonitoring devices having a plurality of components disposed in ordispersed among a plurality of platforms/housings, according to at leastcertain aspects of certain embodiments of the present inventions,wherein the biometric monitoring devices, according to at least certainaspects of certain embodiments of the present inventions, includes oneor more physiological sensors (for example, a weight sensor/scale) anduser interface, and, in certain embodiments, may also include processingcircuitry and/or communication circuitry; notably, the components,elements and/or circuitry of the biometric monitoring device may bedisposed or integrated in or on one platform/housing or may be disposedor integrated in or on a plurality of platforms/housings (which areinterconnected, for example, mechanically, electrically and/oroptically); the present inventions are not limited to components,elements and/or circuitry of the biometric monitoring device disposed onor in one platform/housing but may be dispersed among a plurality ofplatforms/housings; indeed, all permutations and combinations offeatures, elements and/or circuitry of the biometric monitoring device(as described herein), whether integrated in conjunction with oneplatform/housing and or dispersed among a plurality ofplatforms/housings, are intended to fall within the scope of the presentinventions;

FIG. 17 illustrates exemplary platforms/housings of the biometricmonitoring device from top and side views, according to at least certainaspects of certain embodiments of the present inventions; and

FIG. 18 illustrates exemplary user interfaces of the biometricmonitoring device, wherein the user interface may provide informationwhich is representative of biometric information (for example, weight,percent body fat and/or BMI) and operating conditions of the device (forexample, power levels, communication conditions, etc.).

Again, there are many inventions described and illustrated herein. Thepresent inventions are neither limited to any single aspect norembodiment thereof, nor to any combinations and/or permutations of suchaspects and/or embodiments. Each of the aspects of the presentinventions, and/or embodiments thereof, may be employed alone or incombination with one or more of the other aspects of the presentinventions and/or embodiments thereof. For the sake of brevity, many ofthose combinations and permutations are not discussed separately herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

There are many inventions described and illustrated herein. In oneaspect, the present inventions are directed to biometric monitoringdevices, and method of operating and controlling same, which monitor,calculate, determine and/or sense physiologic data, including the weightof a user (for example, a human or non-human animal) and, via a userinterface, display biometric or physiologic information including, forexample, current information, historical information and/or currentinformation in view of historical information.

In another aspect of the present inventions, the biometric monitoringdevice also includes one or more environmental sensors to detect,measure and/or sense ambient environmental conditions. For example, theone or more environmental sensors may detect, measure and/or senseambient pressure, temperature, sound, light, humidity, location and/oratmosphere. In response thereto, the biometric monitoring device of thisaspect of the present inventions, in addition to monitoring,calculating, determining and/or sensing biometric or physiologic data ofa user, may provide status information to the user and/or control oroperate such local external devices and/or appliances in accordance withpredetermined instructions.

With reference to FIG. 1A, in one embodiment biometric monitoring device10 includes one or more physiological sensors, a user interface andprocessing circuitry. The biometric monitoring device 10 includes aphysiological sensor to detect, measure and/or sense a weight of a user.(See, FIG. 2A). The biometric monitoring device 10 may includeadditional physiological sensors including, for example, a body fatsensor. (See, for example, FIG. 2B). Indeed, biometric monitoring device10 may include other additional physiological sensors including, forexample, sensors to detect, measure and/or sense data which isrepresentative of heart rate, respiratory rate, hydration, height, sunexposure, blood pressure and/or arterial stiffness. (See, FIG. 2C).Notably, in addition thereto, or in lieu thereof, biometric monitoringdevice 10 of the present inventions may detect, measure and/or sense(via appropriate sensors) other physiologic data; all such physiologicdata or parameters, whether now known or later developed, are intendedto fall within the scope of the present inventions. Similarly, althoughthe sensors of FIGS. 2B and 2C are depicted as independent, they may becollaborative and perform multiple types of measurements. For example, aweight sensor in combination with bio-impedance analysis circuitry maybe used to measure body fat, hydration, and/or fat-free mass.

The user interface 14 of biometric monitoring device 10 provides orfacilitates exchange of physiologic information and, in certainembodiments, other information or data. For example, biometricmonitoring device 10 may include one or more displays (see, for example,FIG. 3A) to present physiologic information including, for example,current information, historical information and/or comparison likeinformation, for example, current information in view of historicalinformation. Briefly, the historical information or data may include,for example, historical weight and/or body fat data measured by themonitoring device (which may be stored internally to and/or externallyfrom biometric monitoring device 10), historical user activity data,food consumption data, and/or sleep data (which may be measured ormonitored by other personal and/or portable devices (for example,Fitbit's portable activity monitoring/tracking device and acquired bybiometric monitoring device 10, see, for example, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/156,304, filed on Jun. 8, 2011, entitled“Portable Monitoring Devices and Methods of Operating Same” (which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety)), historical userbiometric or physiologic data (for example, heart rate, blood pressure,arterial stiffness, blood glucose levels, cholesterol, duration of TVwatching, duration of video game play and/or mood). Notably, suchhistorical data may be presented in pictorial, graphical and/or textualform.

In addition to or in lieu of one or more displays, user interface 14 mayinclude one or more speakers to provide the user with such physiologicdata or information (whether current, historical or both) in aural form.(See, FIGS. 3B and 3C).

The user interface 14 may also include an input mechanism to facilitateinput of, for example, user data, commands and/or selections. In oneembodiment, the user may communicate with biometric monitoring device 10via a user interface including, for example, a touch pad, touch screen,buttons, switches and/or knobs. In another embodiment, user interface 14of a biometric monitoring device includes one or more audio sensors todetect speech or sounds. (See, for example, FIGS. 3D and 3E). In thisway, for example, the user may input data, commands and/or selections tobiometric monitoring device 10. For example, in response to speech orsounds from the user, biometric monitoring device 10 may determine oridentify the appropriate user (for example, from a list stored therein)which facilitates correlation of physiologic data (acquired by the oneor more physiological sensors) with a particular user.

Notably, user interface 14 may include any output and/or input devicenow known or later developed including such input devices as touchscreens, motion sensors, biometric sensors and/or proximity sensors.(See, FIGS. 3F and 3G). Moreover, all combinations and permutations ofoutput and input devices are intended to fall within the scope of thepresent inventions. For example, user interface 14 may include one ormore biometric sensors (for example, a toe print detector) to identifyor determine a particular user and/or a touch screen to facilitateselection of a particular user or user profile. (See, FIGS. 3F and 3G).In response thereto, biometric monitoring device 10 may, in addition tocorrelating the current physiologic data with the particular user,present the associated historical information to the user via visualand/or audio techniques of user interface 14.

As noted above, in one embodiment, biometric monitoring device 10 mayinclude processing circuitry to calculate, assess and/or determinephysiologic information using data sensed, detected and/or measured fromphysiological sensor(s) 12. (See, FIG. 4). For example, processingcircuitry 16 calculates or determines the user's weight based on orusing a weight sensor. In another embodiment, using data from a body fatsensor (for example, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) electrodes),processing circuitry 16 may calculate or determine a user's body fatcomposition and/or body mass index. For example, via the BIA electrodes,a small current is applied to the body and the characteristics of thereturn current measured in the electrodes are representative of the bodyfat composition of the user. The processing circuitry 16, based on dataacquired or detected by the BIA electrodes and in combination withinformation about the user (e.g., weight, height, age, and gender), maycalculate or determine a user's body fat composition and/or body massindex. The processing circuitry 16 may employ similar measurementmethods to derive a user's fat-free mass, hydration (e.g., total bodywater, intracellular water, and/or extracellular water) and body cellmass.

The processing circuitry 16 may also calculate, assess and/or determineother biometric or physiological quantities such as heart rate, bloodpressure and/or arterial stiffness. For example, biometric monitoringdevice 10 may include one or more LED/photodetector pairs disposedtherein such that when the user placing blood-perfused area of the foot(for example, the big toe) over the one or more LED/photodetector pairs,biometric monitoring device 10 may implement or perform photoplethysmography to calculate, assess and/or determine heart rate,respiratory rate, blood pressure and/or arterial stiffness. Indeed,biometric monitoring device 10 may employ an array of LEDs-photodetectors to adaptively determine which location on the foot providesthe best plethysmography signal.

Notably, processing circuitry 16 of biometric monitoring device 10 mayalso determine or calculate the size and shape of the user's foot viaanalysis of data from LED/photo detectors, a camera, or multiple BIAelectrodes placed on the top surface of device. Foot size may also bedetermined with designated array of electrodes, where for example, theelectrodes may consist of discrete metal probes, indium-tin-oxide (ITO)coatings on a substrate, and/or a capacitive array. In this way, forexample, a parent may measure and track (over time) the change in sizeand shape of a child's foot.

Where biometric monitoring device 10 includes a heart rate sensor,processing circuitry 16 may employ data from the heart rate sensor tocalculate, assess and/or determine the user's heart rate using, forexample, ballistocardiography or with a video camera instead of photodetectors. Based on the output of such sensors, processing circuitry 16may calculate, assess and/or determine the user's heart rate and storeand/or output such information (for example, display).

Notably, biometric monitoring device 10 may be programmed or configured(for example, by the user via user interface 14 of biometric monitoringdevice 10 and/or an external device that communication with biometricmonitoring device) to enable or engage (or disable or disengage) one ormore physiological sensors and/or enable or disable the monitoring,calculating and/or determining of one or more physiological parameters(based on or using data from such sensors). In this way, the user mayconfigure biometric monitoring device 10 to acquire selected physiologicdata (via enabling and/or disabling selected physiological sensors)and/or calculate, monitor and/or determine selected physiologicalparameters (via enabling or disabling processing circuitry 16accordingly). Such configuration may be on a user basis (each userincludes his/her unique configuration) and/or on a device basis (thedevice is programmed into a particular configuration regardless of theuser).

For example, where biometric monitoring device 10 includes a body fatsensor having electrodes for implementing BIA, it may be advantageous todisable such sensor where the user is pregnant or is equipped with apace maker. In this regard, pregnant women are often discouraged fromtaking BIA measurements. However, the body fat sensor may be enabled formale users (for example, selected male users) or non-pregnant femaleusers (for example, selected female users) wherein for such users,processing circuitry 16 (which may include control circuitry as well)enables the body fat sensor to acquire corresponding data. Thereafter,processing circuitry 16 may responsively calculate, assess and/ordetermine the user's blood pressure and/or arterial stiffness (based onor using data from such sensor). Moreover, processing circuitry 16 maystore body fat information for certain of the users and/or output suchinformation (for example, display) thereto.

Notably, the processing circuitry may be discrete or integrated logic,and/or one or more state machines, processors/controllers (suitablyprogrammed) and/or field programmable gate arrays (or combinationsthereof); indeed, any circuitry (for example, discrete or integratedlogic, state machine(s), processor(s)/controller(s) (suitablyprogrammed) and/or field programmable gate array(s) (or combinationsthereof)) now known or later developed may be employed to calculate,determine, assess and/or determine the physiologic information of theuser based on sensor data. In addition thereto, or in lieu thereof, theprocessing circuitry may control the physiologic sensors and/orimplement user commands as described herein. In operation, theprocessing circuitry may perform or execute one or more applications,routines, programs and/or data structures that implement particularmethods, techniques, tasks or operations described and illustratedherein. The functionality of the applications, routines or programs maybe combined or distributed. Further, the applications, routines orprograms may be implementing by the processing circuitry using anyprogramming language whether now known or later developed, including,for example, assembly, FORTRAN, C, C++, and BASIC, whether compiled oruncompiled code; all of which are intended to fall within the scope ofthe present invention.

With reference to FIGS. 1B, 1C and 5A-5C, embodiments of biometricmonitoring device 10 may include communication circuitry (wirelessand/or wired) to transmit biometric or physiologic data and/or receive,for display via user interface 14, web content, news, traffic, weather,social content (for example, instant messaging), advertisement, emails,calendar schedule, exercise or diet coaching, instructions and/or data,and goal oriented information (for example, a user's progress towardbiometric or physiological goals (weight, body fat composition,hydration, caloric consumption, activity and/or sleep)) as well asbiometric or physiologic information including, for example, currentinformation, historical information and/or comparison information (forexample, current information in view of historical information).

As noted above, the historical information or data may include, forexample, historical weight and/or body fat data measured by themonitoring device (which may be stored internally to and/or externallyfrom biometric monitoring device 10), historical user activity data,food consumption data, and/or sleep data (which may be measured ormonitored by other personal and/or portable activity monitoring devices(for example, Fitbit's portable activity monitoring/tracking device andacquired by biometric monitoring device 10), historical user biometricor physiologic data (for example, heart rate, blood pressure, arterialstiffness, blood glucose levels, cholesterol, duration of TV watching,duration of video game play and/or mood). Notably, such historical datamay be presented in pictorial, graphical and/or textual form.

The communication circuitry 18 may implement or employ any form ofcommunications (for example, wireless, optical, or wired) and/orprotocol (for example, standard or proprietary (for example, Bluetooth,ANT, WLAN, power-line networking, cell phone networks, and Internetbased and/or SMS) now known or later developed, all forms ofcommunications and protocols are intended to fall within the scope ofthe present inventions.

In one preferred embodiment, biometric monitoring device is amulti-protocol LAN to WAN gateway where local devices can be Bluetooth,ANT, Zigbee, etc. and the biometric gateway communicates to the Internetvia or over a communication path (for example, a cell phone network,WLAN, etc.). The biometric monitoring device may operate as an “openhotspot” so that no user setup is required. For instance, a user mayhave elsewhere established a network account (e.g., www.fitbit.com oranother website) to an external device (e.g., a Fitbit Tracker) throughits unique device ID, then the gateway automatically recognizes thedevice and sends data to the suitable, predetermined, associated and/orcorrect account and location. The data may go directly to thedestination (for example, via the Internet) or through an intermediaryfirst. Destinations or intermediaries could be other devices or anetwork service (e.g., www.fitbit.com). The original device toaccount/location link setup may be completed as part of a user initiatedsetup process or may have been pre-configured as part of the purchasingor acquisition process at the manufacturer or another intermediary. Thefollowing are additional exemplary embodiments:

-   -   A user sets up her first Fitbit Tracker at work. She already        owns and has setup the current invention at home. She takes her        Fitbit Tracker home and it automatically starts syncing data        through the invention without further setup.    -   A user owns a Garmin ANT device that is set up to sync data to        Garmin's website.

She then acquires the current invention. Once she connects the inventionto the internet, the Garmin device can automatically send its data toGarmin's website through the invention without any further setup. Theinvention could also send the data to Garmin's website via anintermediary website (e.g., www.fitbit.com).

The user may also enable or disable (for example, turn on or off)communication of the activity or physiologic data via the biometricmonitoring device. In addition thereto, or in lieu thereof, the user mayenable or disable acquisition or storage of data by the externaldestination (for example, a server connected thereto or to the Internet;for example, a website associated with the server). In this way, theuser controls, among other things, the ability of or for datadestinations to receive the data.

The communication circuitry 18 may provide for one-way or two-waycommunication to, for example, facilitate or provide input of dataand/or commands. Indeed, where the biometric monitoring device includestwo-way communications, communication circuitry 18 facilitates orprovides data or command transmission to and from peripheral devicesand/or the Internet. Thus, in certain embodiments, communicationcircuitry 18 facilitates or provides external connectivity to, forexample, the Internet and/or remote or local external devices and/orappliances. Here, the biometric monitoring device acts or functions as acommunication hub or path in relation to local external devices and/orappliances.

Where communication circuitry 18 provides one-way or two-waycommunication to the Internet and/or (remote or local) external devicesand/or appliances (see, for example, FIGS. 6A-6C), biometric monitoringdevice 10 may upload data and/or commands to and/or download data and/orcommands from, for example, selected websites, health professionals,trainers, weight or health oriented monitoring groups/organizations orspecialists, and/or the like (hereinafter collectively “third party” or“third parties”). In this way, biometric monitoring device 10 maymanually or automatically provide physiologic data to such thirdparties. The biometric monitoring device 10 may also receive data and/orinstructions/comments, for example, health or training guidance orfeedback via biometric monitoring device 10. For example, wherebiometric monitoring device 10 provides physiologic data (for example,weight, heart rate and/or blood pressure) to one or more third partydevices or websites, such third parties (for example, healthprofessionals or trainers) may monitor and/or provide feedback based onsuch physiologic data. In this way, such third party or parties mayprovide periodic, continuous and/or intermittent monitoring and/orfeedback, notwithstanding the user/patient is substantially remote ordistant from such third parties, or where significant monitoring of theuser/patient is inconvenient or not feasible (for example, due to costsor locations).

The communication circuitry 18 may also facilitate programming ofbiometric monitoring device 10, for example, programming the device toacquire selected physiologic data (for example, via enabling and/ordisabling selected physiological sensors) and/or calculate, monitorand/or determine selected physiological parameters (for example, viaenabling or disabling processing circuitry 16 accordingly). Theprogramming of biometric monitoring device 10 may be via the user orthird party. In this way, for example, a third party may customize ortailor the acquisition of physiologic data based on the user, thesituation (for example, physical condition of the user), and theacquisition of desired information.

Indeed, communication circuitry 18 of biometric monitoring device 10 mayalso facilitate programming of the activity monitoring device, forexample, programming the device to acquire selected activity and/orphysiologic data (for example, via enabling and/or disabling selectedsensors), acquiring activity and/or physiologic data, and/or calculate,monitor and/or determine selected activity parameters (for example, viaenabling or disabling processing circuitry 16 accordingly). In this way,for example, a user (via biometric monitoring device 10) may upload,transmit or communicate activity data and/or physiologic data to, forexample, one or more selected data storage devices.

In addition thereto, biometric monitoring device 10 may also transmituser identification data to correlate the physiologic data and/oractivity data with a particular user or particular device (externalmonitoring device and/or biometric device). Here, the useridentification data is any data that identifies a particular user, aparticular device and/or from which a particular user and/or device maybe determined. For example, the user identification data may be dataassociated with a particular user (for example, a particular value,character, number, combination thereof, and/or sequence thereof) and/ora particular device (for example, a particular value, character, number,combination thereof, and/or sequence thereof). Indeed, in oneembodiment, biometric monitoring device 10 may be paired with one ormore external monitoring devices (for example, one or more portableactivity monitoring devices) and receipt of data therefrom may be“assumed” or implied to be associated with a user or external device.

The user identification data may be separate data (associated with aparticular user and/or device) and/or may be inherent, incorporated inor implied from other data (for example, physiologic data from abiometric monitoring device or activity (which may include sleep)) orphysiologic data from a portable activity monitoring device and/orbiometric device. Thus, where the user identification data is in theform of a device identification data (for example, a serial number),biometric monitoring device 10 may, in addition to transmittingphysiologic data and/or activity data of a user, transmit deviceidentification data. In one embodiment, the device identification datamay be associated with or correlated to a data storage location or anaccount wherein the transmitted data is stored in relation thereto orconnection therewith. Thus, such device identification data may beassociated with or correlate to a particular user. Here, the deviceidentification data is user identification data.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring device 10 is paired with orrecognizes one or more external devices (for example, a particular code,signal or data stream of one or more portable activity monitoringdevices). In this embodiment, data received from the external device(for example, portable activity monitoring device) may be “assumed” orimplied to be associated with a particular user or external device (forexample, via biometric monitoring device 10, external local data storageand/or remote data storage). Here, the user identification data may beinherent, incorporated in or implied from the communication or otherdata with the external device.

The user identification data may be (associated with a particular userand/or device) and from the physiologic, activity and/or environmentaldata. In addition thereto, or in lieu thereof, the user identificationdata may be incorporated or integrated in the physiologic, activityand/or environmental data. Moreover, the user identification data may beinherent, incorporated in or implied from other data (for example,physiologic data from a biometric monitoring device or activity (whichmay include sleep)) or physiologic data from a portable activitymonitoring device and/or biometric device. Indeed, the useridentification data may be implied from the communication with anexternal device (for example, portable activity monitoring device and/orbiometric device).

The user identification data may be determined automatically (via datatransfer using the communication circuitry) or manually (via user inputusing the user interface). As such, in one embodiment, the biometricmonitoring device may automatically obtain the user identification datato provide/acquire data which is representative of particular details ofthe user (for example, height, weight, gender and/or age) from datastorage (for example, resident, local and/or remote data storage). Suchdetails may be employed by the processing circuitry of the biometricmonitoring device to determine or calculate physiologic data (forexample, body fat and lean muscle mass).

Notably, the data storage devices may be resident, local and/or remotewherein remote off-site data storage devices may be accessed, forexample, via the Internet. Notably, the one or more data storage devicesmay store the data in digital and/or analog form; indeed, any datastorage device, whether now known or later developed, is intended tofall within the scope of the present inventions.

As discussed in more detail herein, in certain embodiments, thebiometric monitoring device may also operate, program and/or controllocal external devices and/or appliances. For example, the communicationcircuitry of the biometric monitoring device may also function oroperate as a relay or hub to provide or facilitate communication forexternal devices to each other or to the Internet. For example, thebiometric monitoring device may connect to the Internet via WLAN butalso be equipped with an ANT radio. An ANT device may communicate withthe biometric monitoring device to transmit its data to the Internetthrough the WLAN of the biometric monitoring device (and vice versa).Moreover, where the communication circuitry is equipped with Bluetooth,other Bluetooth-enabled devices (for example, mobile or smarttelephones) that come within suitable or effective reach or range, thebiometric monitoring device may transmit data to or receive data fromsuch Bluetooth-enable device and/or the Internet through the network ofthe mobile or smart telephones. Indeed, data from another device mayalso be transmitted to the biometric monitoring device and stored (andvice versa) or subsequently transmitted at a later time.

In addition, the communication circuitry may also be employed to detector identify a particular user via acquisition of data which identifiesthe particular user. In this regard, in one embodiment, thecommunication circuitry acquires data or information (for example, acode that correlates to the particular user) from a separate device thatdesignates, identifies and/or is unique to the user (for example,Fitbit's portable activity monitoring/tracking device or a mobilecommunication device, for example, a tablet, laptop or mobile phone orRFID tag). In this way, the biometric monitoring device (for example,the processing circuitry) determines or identifies a particular user andmay, in response thereto, configure the biometric monitoring device inaccordance with the user's profile (in the event that the biometricmonitoring device is configured on a user basis), present the associatedhistorical information or data via the user interface and/or receives,for display via the user interface, selected web content, news, traffic,weather, social content (for example, instant messaging), advertisement,emails, calendar schedule, exercise or diet coaching, instructionsand/or data, and goal oriented information (for example, a user'sprogress toward biometric or physiological goals (weight, body fatcomposition, hydration, caloric consumption, activity and/or sleep)).

Notably, in those situations where the biometric monitoring devicedetermines or identifies a particular user via another technique (forexample, biometric sensor, such as speech or sound recognition or a toe,finger and/or foot print detection, and/or user selection from a list ofpre-programmed users or user profiles), the aforementioned discussion isentirely applicable. That is, in the event that the biometric monitoringdevice is configured or configurable on a user basis, upon determiningor identifying a particular user, the biometric monitoring device inaccordance with the user's profile, presents the associated historicalinformation or data via the user interface and/or receives, for displayvia the user interface, selected web content, news, traffic, weather,social content (for example, instant messaging), advertisement, emails,calendar schedule, exercise or diet coaching, instructions and/or data,and goal oriented information as well as physiologic informationincluding, for example, current information, historical informationand/or current information in view of historical information.

As indicated above, the biometric monitoring device, in addition tomonitoring, calculating and/or determining of one or more physiologicalparameters (based on or using data from resident sensors), may receiveweb content for display on the user interface of the biometricmonitoring device. The following are examples of the types and/orcontent of information that may be provided to the user.

-   -   Historical graphs of weight and/or body fat data measured by the        scale but stored remotely;    -   Historical graphs of user activity and/or foods consumed and/or        sleep data that are measured by other devices and/or stored        remotely (e.g., fitbit.com);    -   Historical graphs of other user-tracked data stored remotely.        Examples include heart rate, blood pressure, arterial stiffness,        blood glucose levels, cholesterol, duration of TV watching,        duration of video game play, mood, etc.;    -   Physiologic data corresponding to average or norms, for example,        for comparison purposes wherein, in one embodiment, the user's        physiologic data is compared to or contrasted with average        physiologic data (for example, on an age, gender or condition        basis (for example, a pregnant women's physiologic data is        compared with typical physiologic data based on stage, size and        age));    -   “Mash-up” data pertaining to user's physiologic data and user's        water intake—for example, correlations of (i) hydration levels        to manually logged water consumption and (ii) hydration levels        to automatically measured water consumption via a “smart” water        bottle (e.g., Camelbak flow meter hydration gauge system);    -   “Mash-up” data pertaining to user's physiologic data and user's        sleep—for example, correlations of (i) heart rate to blood        pressure and (ii) body weight and/or fat to sleep time, patterns        and/or quality;    -   “Mash-up” data pertaining to user's physiologic data and user's        activity—for example, correlations of (i) hydration to activity        levels and (ii) heart rate and/or variability to activity levels        and/or patterns;    -   “Mash-up” data pertaining to physiologic data and potentially        related external events such as correlations of (i) user's body        weight and/or fat to ambient environment for example, geography,        temperature, traffic and/or weather, (ii) user's heart rate        and/or blood pressure to financial markets (for example, S&P        500, NASDAQ or Dow Jones); here the data analysis of the user's        biometric or physiologic data is correlated to web content        and/or external devices that are in communication with the        biometric monitoring device;    -   Coaching and/or dieting data based on one or more of the user's        current weight, weight goals, food intake, activity, sleep, and        other data;    -   User progress toward weight, activity, sleep, and/or other        goals;    -   Summary statistics, graphics, badges, and/or metrics (e.g.,        “grades”) to describe the aforementioned data;    -   The aforementioned data displayed for the user and his/her        “friends” with similar devices and/or tracking methods;    -   Social content such as Twitter feeds, instant messaging, and/or        Facebook updates;    -   Other online content such as newspaper articles, horoscopes,        stock, traffic, sports and/or weather reports, RSS feeds,        comics, crossword puzzles, classified advertisements, and        websites; and    -   Email messages and calendar schedules.

For the avoidance of doubt, it should be understood that theaforementioned examples are provided for exemplary or illustrationpurposes and are not intended to limit the scope of data that may betransmitted, received, calculated and/or displayed by the device, norany intermediate processing that may employed during such transfer anddisplay.

Notably, predetermined or selected content may be delivered according todifferent contexts. For example, in the morning, news, traffic andweather reports may be displayed along with the user's sleep data fromthe previous night. In the evening, a daily summary of the day'sactivities may be displayed. Notably, sleep and activity may bemonitored and derived from a separate device (for example, FitbitTracker), manual log entries on a website, etc.—not the biometricmonitoring device. Such information, however, may be communicated to,for example, the user and/or the Internet via the biometric monitoringdevice.

In addition thereto, or in lieu thereof, the aforementioned data andcontent may also be presented to the user through user interface 14 (forexample, one or more displays other than the display incorporated in thebiometric monitoring device). Indeed, such data and content may bepresented in any form now known or later developed; all of which areintended to fall within the scope of the present invention. For example,a website, mobile phone application, or program operating on a personalcomputer. (See, for example, FIGS. 7A-7D which provide illustrativeexamples of biometric data measured by the biometric monitoring deviceand displayed on a website accessed via, for example, the Internet).Notably, other data obtained from other devices or input mechanisms(e.g., manual data entry) may be overlaid on the data from saidbiometric monitoring device. These include user activity levels, calorieburn, sleep quality and duration, water intake, etc. Furthermore, as amotivational tool, the user's biometric data may be used to rank usersagainst each other (e.g., a “leaderboard” composed of friends in asocial network) by, for example, recent weight lost, cumulative weightlost, and/or other progress toward a biometric goal. New “friends”and/or social groups may likewise be recommended to the user based onthe user's profile, biometric goals (e.g., weight loss goal), and/orbiometric data (e.g., progress toward weight loss goal). Virtual badgesmay be rewarded to the user for progress toward biometric goals such aslifetime weight loss.

As discussed above, the biometric monitoring device may identify theuser via a number of techniques including detection based on a separatedevice ((for example, the Fitbit Tracker portable activity monitoringdevice) which communicates with the biometric monitoring device andidentifies a unique/particular user via data transfer from the activitymonitoring device to the biometric monitoring device), speechrecognition, audio pattern classification and/or other biometricsignature (for example, a toe, foot and/or finger print). The biometricmonitoring device may also employ physiologic conditions or informationto detect the user—for example, matching a weight, heart rate,bioelectrical impedance analysis signals and/or body fat to particularuser data/information. The dynamic weight fluctuations and imbalance onthe scale surface as measured by the load cells may also provide aunique signature for the user when she steps on the biometric monitoringdevice. A user's step sequence onto the biometric monitoring device mayalso assist in automated user identification: two users with similarcharacteristics may be distinguished by the fact that one steps on thedevice with the left foot first and the other with the right foot first.Indeed, in such cases, the users may also be coached by the biometricmonitoring device to step first with either the left or right foot inorder to facilitate user recognition.

Moreover, selection may be implemented manually by inputting aparticular user via user interface 14. That is, the user may beidentified by selection via buttons, touchpad, switches, etc. Thebiometric monitoring device may employ any circuitry and/or technique toautomatically or manually identify the user whether now known or laterdeveloped; all such circuitry and techniques are intended to fall withinthe scope of the present inventions.

As noted above, the biometric monitoring device of the presentinventions may be programmed or configured on a user, group and/or aglobal basis. In this regard, the biometric monitoring device may becustomizable and programmable on an individual user basis as well as aglobal basis. For example, in one embodiment, the biometric monitoringdevice may run modular pieces of software (i.e., “apps”) that perform avariety of functions/operations such as displaying the weather report,analyze weight/activity/food data to provide user coaching, etc.Furthermore, the data that is displayed to the user is configurable: theuser may personalize (for example, user inputs) the physiologic data,historical graphs, web content (for example, weather or trafficinformation), etc. that are displayed and furthermore configure otherparameters that control the display of the biometric monitoring device.

Programming or customizing may be implemented via the user interface, anexternal device via communication circuitry 18 (for example, via wiredor wireless connection to a computer or personal computing device)and/or through a web interface (e.g., www.fitbit.com) on the userinterface of the biometric monitoring device. In a preferred embodiment,the setup of the biometric monitoring device for a first user isaccomplished without any wired communication. FIGS. 8A-M depictsexemplary processes where the initial setup of the device for a singleuser is accomplished by a client application or web browser running on asecondary device, for example, a personal computer or mobile phone.Network credentials, for example WiFi SSID and password, that are storedon the secondary device may be transferred to biometric monitoringdevice 10 without the need for the user to manually enter thisinformation by way of switching the secondary device to the networkbroadcast by biometric monitoring device 10. FIGS. 9A-G provideillustrative examples of website-based and/or mobile phone userinterfaces to control the settings and authorized users for biometricmonitoring device 10. Notably, as depicted in FIG. 9A, a user ofbiometric monitoring device 10 may have administrative access to inviteother users, delete other users, change device settings, etc., but arenot able to view personal information (e.g., weight measurements) forusers other than their own. This administrative access model is welladapted for situations in which multiple users share the device. Inanother embodiment, a single user or subset of users have administrativeprivileges.

Similarly, the firmware loaded on biometric monitoring device 10 may beupdated and configured by the user through communication circuitry 18(for example, via wireless connection). Indeed, functions and featuresof biometric monitoring device 10 (for example, certain sensors or dataprocessing) as described here may also be modified, enabled and/ordisabled (for example, on an individual, group or global basis).

In another aspect of the present inventions, biometric monitoring device10 includes one or more environmental sensors to detect, measure and/orsense ambient environmental conditions. (See, for example, FIGS.10A-10C). In this embodiment, the one or more environmental sensors maydetect, measure and/or sense, for example, ambient pressure,temperature, sound, light, humidity, location and/or atmosphere. Inresponse thereto, biometric monitoring device 10, in addition tomonitoring, calculating, determining and/or sensing one or more aspectsof the physiological state, condition or data of a user, may providestatus information to the user and/or control or operate local externaldevices and/or appliances.

With reference to FIG. 11, the environment sensors may include one ormore audio sensors to detect, measure and/or sense ambient sounds (forexample, use of the shower, bath, sink or toilet), one or more humiditysensors to detect, measure and/or sense the ambient humidity, one ormore pressure sensors to detect, measure and/or sense the ambientpressure, one or more temperature sensors to detect, measure and/orsense the ambient temperature, one or more atmospheric sensors todetect, measure and/or sense odors, air quality, pollen count, carbondioxide, etc., GPS circuitry to sense location of biometric monitoringdevice 10.

In operation, biometric monitoring device 10 may detect, monitor and/orsense ambient environment conditions and/or use, control or operatelocal appliances, devices and fixtures in the local environmentsurrounding biometric monitoring device 10. For example, if biometricmonitoring device 10 is located in the bathroom, it may detect, measure,monitor and/or sense an individual and/or overall household use of theshower/bathtub, sink, and toilet. In this way, biometric monitoringdevice 10 may obtain data and generate metrics such as the number andduration of showers/baths, total time spent in the bathroom, number ofvisits to the bathroom, number of toilet flushes, number and type ofvarious bodily functions, number and duration of teeth brushing,duration of sink use, estimated power consumption from light fixtures,estimated water usage from the sink, toilet, and shower/bathindividually or in total, and/or control external devices or mechanismsto impact the environment conditions (for example, enable/disable a fanto control temperature and/or humidity). These metrics may be determinedon an individual, group and/or a global basis (for example, an entirehousehold or locker room basis).

The biometric monitoring device 10 having environmental sensors mayemploy processing circuitry to analyze data from the environmentalsensor(s). (See, FIGS. 12A and 12B). Such processing circuitry may besimilar to processing circuitry 16 discussed above in connection withbiometric monitoring device 10 embodiments having physiological sensors.

Where biometric monitoring device 10 also includes communicationcircuitry to provide one-way or two-way communication to the Internetand/or external devices and/or appliances (see, for example, FIGS.6A-6D), biometric monitoring device 10 may upload physiological and/orenvironmental data to or download data from, for example, non-local datastorage and/or selected third parties. In this way, biometric monitoringdevice 10 may manually or automatically provide physiological and/orenvironmental data to such data storage and/or third parties. As notedabove, biometric monitoring device 10 may also receive data and/orinstructions/comments, for example, health or training guidance orfeedback via biometric monitoring device 10. For example, such thirdparties (for example, health professionals or trainers) may monitorand/or provide feedback based on such physiological and/or environmentaldata. In this way, such third party or parties may provide periodic,continuous and/or intermittent monitoring and/or feedback,notwithstanding, for example, the user/patient is substantially remoteor distant from such third parties, or where significant monitoring ofthe user/patient is not feasible or convenient.

Notably, the discussion herein with respect to communication, includingcircuitry therefor and techniques thereof, is applicable to and may beemployed with those biometric monitoring device embodiments havingenvironment sensors; for the sake of brevity, such discussions will notbe repeated.

In those embodiments where the environmental sensors include an audiosensor, processing circuitry 16 may include statistical classifiers ofsound to differentiate, determine and/or sense between different usersand activities. The audio sensor may be mounted to biometric monitoringdevice 10 so as to sample ambient noise or affixed to the scale so as tobe receptive to sounds transmitted through the ground (i.e., using theground as a sound board).

In another embodiment, one or more “smart” beacons may be disposed onone or more of the fixtures of interest to “communicate” usage andstatus with biometric monitoring device 10. In addition thereto, or inlieu thereof, biometric monitoring device 10 may also include humidity,temperature, passive infrared (PIR), visible light, barometric pressure,sonar, radar, and/or laser range finding sensors individually or incombination to enable this functionality. Based on such data, biometricmonitoring device 10 may control external devices or mechanisms toadjust, control or impact the local or ambient environment (for example,enable/disable a heating source, air conditioning source and/or fan toadjust the temperature or humidity of the ambient environment). In thisway, metrics of the environment may be monitored and, in certainembodiments, aspects of the ambient controlled (for example, temperatureand humidity adjusted via control of local equipment).

In yet another exemplary embodiment, the environmental sensor includesan atmospheric sensor to detect, measure and/or sense to acquire datawhich is representative of air quality, pollen count, carbon dioxide,etc. In this way, metrics of the environment may be monitored and, incertain embodiments, aspects of the ambient controlled.

To that end, as noted above, processing circuitry 16 may include controlcircuitry to control or program room activity. For example, biometricmonitoring device 10 may, in response to detecting the presence of auser, enable a “night light” when advantageous (for example, in theevening when other lighting is disable). The illumination device of the“night light” may be disposed internal or external to biometricmonitoring device 10. Where the illumination device is external, thefunctionality may be achieved by controlling one or more external lightfixtures. Where the illumination device is disposed or integrated in theplatform or housing of biometric monitoring device 10, the functionalitymay be achieved by controlling one or more onboard lights. (See, forexample, FIG. 1D). Indeed, biometric monitoring device 10 may alsodirectly control the light levels in the room by communicating with thelighting (integrated and/or external) and/or window coverings. Inaddition, the control circuitry may engage environment control equipment(for example, heating, ventilation, air conditioning and/or humidifyingor dehumidifying equipment) to control, adjust and/or manage the ambientenvironmental conditions (for example, temperature and humidity).

In another embodiment, circuitry of biometric monitoring device 10 maydetect the teeth brushing activity and, upon detecting the conclusion,turn on the sink faucet and/or thereafter off. The circuitry may controlthe sink faucet water flow before, during and after teeth brushingactivity. Indeed, the circuitry of biometric monitoring device 10 mayalso be programmed to detect and control the use of water flow of theshower/bath—for example, after a certain amount of time has elapsed withuse of the shower water, biometric monitoring device 10 may audibly warnthe user and/or eventually turn off the water in an effort to control orconserve water usage.

In addition thereto, or in lieu thereof, circuitry of biometricmonitoring device 10 may, in response to detection of certain odors orafter identification of particular bathroom activities (for example, useof the shower or toilet), or after a detecting the user exiting theroom, enable a dispenser of a counter-order (for example, air freshenersprayer), ventilation equipment and/or air conditioning equipment tomaintain and/or control the atmospheric status and/or odor of theambient environment.

In another embodiment of the present inventions, biometric monitoringdevice 10 may include circuitry or other mechanisms to adjust thetemperature of the surface engaged by the user (for example, heat thetop surface of biometric monitoring device 10) to provide a morecomfortable temperature, which is preferably a temperature close to bodytemperature. Where the surface engaged by the user is glass, this may beachieved by one or more heating elements that are disposed beneath or inthe glass (for example, beneath the surface engaged by the user. Theymay be controlled to a specific temperature by actively monitoring thetemperature of the glass, or they may be heated in an open loop mannerwith no active sensing of the temperature of the glass. In oneembodiment, the biometric device may include circuitry to enable heatingwherein such circuitry may be programmed to enable the heating elementsat one or more program or specific times (e.g., in the morning apredetermined time (for example, 10 minutes) prior to a user's routineweigh-in). In another embodiment, heating may triggered by a button pushor other user interface command (e.g., on the biometric device or via amobile phone app).

Notably, biometric monitoring device 10 may be employed in other localenvironments (for example, other rooms of a premise). For example, wherebiometric monitoring device 10 is disposed or located in living, familyor TV room, biometric monitoring device 10 may monitor, control and/ortrack usage of the television, playing video games, and/or computer. Inthis embodiment, processing circuitry 16 may employ one or more of theenvironmental sensors described herein (using methods similar to thosedescribed herein). Indeed, biometric monitoring device 10 may beemployed in any room in a standard household setting (e.g., dining room,bed room, study) and perform functions specific to its location. It mayautomatically detect which type of room it is in or it may be configuredby the user to be a specific room.

In one embodiment, biometric monitoring device 10 includes a geolocationidentification device or component (for example, GPS, mobile telephoneand/or altimeter). In this embodiment, the geolocation identificationdevice facilitates locating biometric monitoring device 10 on the Earth,which may, for example, facilitate calibration or accuracy enhancementin connection with the ambient gravitational constant. In anotherembodiment, the geolocation identification device/component of abiometric monitoring device allows a user to log, monitor and/or tracktrips or visits. Such a configuration may allow businesses to moreaccurately track employee routes (for example, in connection withdeliveries) or an individual to log, monitor and/or track trips orvisits to a gym, store or friend's house.

Thus, in these embodiments, biometric monitoring device 10 may alsoinclude the environmental sensor(s) in addition to physiologicalsensor(s). Notably, all permutations and combinations of sensors(physiological and environmental) may be employed or implemented in abiometric monitoring device according to the present inventions. Allsuch combinations and permutations are intended to fall within the scopeof the present inventions.

There are many inventions described and illustrated herein. Whilecertain embodiments, features, attributes and advantages of theinventions have been described and illustrated, it should be understoodthat many others, as well as different and/or similar embodiments,features, attributes and advantages of the present inventions, areapparent from the description and illustrations. As such, the aboveembodiments of the inventions are merely exemplary. They are notintended to be exhaustive or to limit the inventions to the preciseforms, techniques, materials and/or configurations disclosed. Manymodifications and variations are possible in light of this disclosure.It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized andoperational changes may be made without departing from the scope of thepresent inventions. As such, the scope of the inventions is not limitedsolely to the description above because the description of the aboveembodiments has been presented for the purposes of illustration anddescription.

For example, as noted above, processing circuitry 16 may include controlcircuitry to implement the control operations describedherein—including, for example, control of on-device circuitry andsensors, external circuitry and devices and/or external localappliances. The control circuitry of processing circuitry 16 may beimplemented via discrete or integrated logic, and/or may include one ormore state machines, processors/controllers (suitably programmed) and/orfield programmable gate arrays (or combinations thereof); indeed, anycircuitry (for example, discrete or integrated logic, state machine(s),processor(s)/controller(s) (suitably programmed) and/or fieldprogrammable gate array(s) (or combinations thereof)) now known or laterdeveloped may be employed to control, for example, on-device circuitryand sensors, external circuitry and devices and/or external localappliances is intended to fall within the scope of the presentinventions;

In addition, in one embodiment, biometric monitoring device 10 of thepresent inventions may not include processing circuitry to monitor,calculate, determine and/or detect physiologic information, conditionand/or state of the user (for example, a human or non-human animal). Inthis embodiment, some or all of the monitoring, calculating, determiningand/or detecting may be implemented “off-device” or external tobiometric monitoring device 10. Here, biometric monitoring device 10 maystore and/or communicate data which is representative of the physiologicinformation, condition(s) and/or state(s) of the user to externalprocessing circuitry wherein such external processing circuitry maymonitor, calculate, determine and/or detect physiological condition ofthe user. (See, FIGS. 13A and 13C). Such external circuitry mayimplement the calculation processes and techniques in near real-time orafter-the-fact. The data which is representative of the physiologicalcondition(s) and/or state(s) of the user (as represented by the data ofphysiological sensor(s) 12) may be communicated to such externalprocessing circuitry, for example, via transmitter circuitry, removablememory, electrical or optical communication (for example, hardwiredcommunications via USB). Importantly, such an architecture/embodiment isintended to fall within the scope of the present inventions.

As discussed herein, physiological sensor(s) may sense, detect, assessand/or obtain data which is representative of physiologic information ofthe user (for example, weight, body fat, blood pressure, pulse rate,blood sugar and the waveform shape corresponding to the heart beat).

Moreover, biometric monitoring device 10 of this embodiment (i.e.,external processing circuitry) may include all permutations andcombinations of sensors (for example, one or more physiologicalsensor(s). Notably, in one embodiment, processing circuitry 16 tomonitor, calculate, determine and/or detect physiologic information,condition and/or state of the user may be distributed between resident(on-device) circuitry and external (off-device) circuitry. (See, FIGS.13B and 13D). In this embodiment, circuitry disposed in biometricmonitoring device 10 may implement certain processes and algorithms andthe external processing circuitry may implement other processes andalgorithms wherein, the circuitry, in combination, monitors, calculates,determines and/or detects physiologic information, condition and/orstate of the user.

With reference to FIG. 14, in an exemplary embodiment, biometricmonitoring device 10 includes physiological sensors including weight,body fat, hydration, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and/orarterial stiffness sensors, wholly or partially disposed, incorporatedand/or embedded in foot pads. Physiological sensors 12 are electricallycoupled to processing circuitry (which may also include controlcircuitry to control the operations of biometric monitoring device 10).As discussed above, processing circuitry 16 calculates, assesses and/ordetermines physiologic information using data sensed, detected and/ormeasured from physiological sensors 12. In this embodiment, processingcircuitry 16 may calculate the user's weight as well as one or more ofthe user's body fat, hydration, heart rate, respiratory rate, bloodpressure and/or arterial stiffness.

The communications circuitry (wireless and/or wired) transmit biometricor physiologic data to one or more external devices (for example, viathe Internet) and/or receive, for display via user interface 14, webcontent, news, traffic, weather, social content (for example, instantmessaging), advertisement, emails, calendar schedule, exercise or dietcoaching, instructions and/or data, and goal oriented information (forexample, a user's progress toward biometric or physiological goals(weight, body fat composition, caloric consumption, activity and/orsleep)) as well as biometric or physiologic information including, forexample, current information, historical information and/or currentinformation in view of historical information. Thus, as noted above,communication circuitry 18 of biometric monitoring device 10 of thepresent inventions may facilitate or provide external connectivity to,for example, the Internet and/or local external devices and/orappliances. The communication circuitry 18 may also facilitateoperation, programming and/or control of such local external devicesand/or appliance.

With continued reference to FIG. 14, the user interfaces may employ anyinput/output devices now known or later developed including such inputdevices as touch screens and displays. The user interface may alsoinclude motion sensors, biometric sensors and/or proximity sensors (notillustrated). The touch screen may be employed to identify, determineand select a particular user and/or user profile (for example, set-up ofbiometric monitoring device 10).

Although not illustrated, user interface 14 of the exemplary biometricmonitoring device illustrated in FIG. 14 may also include one or morebiometric sensors (for example, speech recognition, audio patternclassification and/or toe print detector) to identify or determine aparticular user and/or a touch screen to facilitate selection of aparticular user or user profile. In response thereto, biometricmonitoring device 10 may, in addition to correlating the currentphysiologic data with the particular user, present the associatedhistorical information to the user via visual and/or audio techniques ofuser interface 14.

In addition thereto, or in lieu thereof, communication circuitry 18 mayalso be employed to detect or identify a particular user. In thisregard, communication circuitry 18 acquires information from aseparate/external personal device that is unique to the user (forexample, Fitbit's activity monitoring/tracking device). In this way,biometric monitoring device 10 determines or identifies a particularuser based on signals or signature from the external personal device.

In one embodiment, in operation, processing circuitry 16 calculates ordetermines the user's weight based on or using data from the weightsensor incorporated and/or embedded in foot pads. (See, FIGS. 15A-15D).In addition, processing circuitry 16 may employ the data from a body fatsensor (in this illustrative embodiment, the bioelectrical impedanceanalysis (BIA) electrodes), to calculate or determine a user's body fatcomposition and/or body mass index. In this regard, via the BIAelectrodes, a small current is applied to the body and thecharacteristics of the return current measured in the electrodes arerepresentative of the body fat composition of the user. The processingcircuitry, based on data acquired or detected by the BIA electrodes anduser information (e.g., height, age, and gender), calculates ordetermines a user's body fat composition and/or body mass index

With continued reference to FIGS. 15A-15D, the foot pads also includeone or more LED/photo detector pairs disposed therein such that when theuser placing blood-perfused area of the foot (for example, the big toe)over the one or more LED/photo detector pairs, biometric monitoringdevice 10 may implement or perform photo plethysmography to calculate,assess and/or determine blood pressure and/or arterial stiffness.Notably, an array of LEDs-photo detectors may be employed to adaptivelydetermine which location on the foot provides the best plethysmographysignal. (See, FIGS. 15B and 15D). Using data from the LED/photo detectorpairs, processing circuitry 16 may calculate, assess and/or determineother biometric or physiological quantities such as heart rate, bloodpressure and/or arterial stiffness. That is, processing circuitry 16 mayemploy data from a heart rate sensor to calculate, assess and/ordetermine the user's heart rate using, for example,ballistocardiography. Based on the output of such sensors, processingcircuitry 16 may calculate, assess and/or determine the user's heartrate and store and/or output such information (for example, to a display(user interface) or external to biometric monitoring device 10 viacommunication circuitry 18).

In one embodiment, processing circuitry 16 may also determine orcalculate the size and shape of the user's foot via analysis of datafrom LED/photo detectors or multiple BIA. Such an embodiment generatesand/or stores information regarding the size and shape of the foot aswell as how the feet or foot engages the surface. In this way, forexample, a parent may measure and track (over time) the change in sizeand shape of a child's foot as well as the manner in which the userstands (which may provide information as to how the foot/feet engage thesurface as well as the shape of the legs and hips).

The biometric monitoring device 10 of FIG. 14 may be programmed orconfigured (for example, by the user via user interface 14 of biometricmonitoring device 10 and/or an external device that communication withbiometric monitoring device) to enable or engage (or disable ordisengage) one or more physiological sensors and/or enable or disablethe monitoring, calculating and/or determining of one or morephysiological parameters (based on or using data from such sensors). Inthis way, the user may configure biometric monitoring device 10 toacquire selected physiologic data (via enabling and/or disablingselected physiological sensors) and/or calculate, monitor and/ordetermine selected physiological parameters (via enabling or disablingprocessing circuitry 16 accordingly). Such configuration may be on auser basis (each user includes his/her unique configuration) and/or on adevice basis (the device is programmed into a particular configurationregardless of the user).

For example, as indicated above, where biometric monitoring device 10includes a body fat sensor having electrodes for implementing BIA, itmay be advantageous to disable such sensor where the user is pregnant orequipped with a pace maker. However, the body fat sensor may be enabledfor male users or non-pregnant female users wherein for such users,processing circuitry 16 (which may include control circuitry as well)enables the body fat sensor and responsively calculates, assesses and/ordetermines the user's blood pressure and/or arterial stiffness (based onor using data from such sensor). Moreover, processing circuitry 16 maystore body fat information for certain of the users and/or output suchinformation (for example, display) thereto.

As noted above, the user may communicate with biometric monitoringdevice 10 via user interface 14, which may include, for example, a touchpad, touch screen, buttons, switches and/or knobs. The biometricmonitoring device 10 may also be programmed to detect and/or interpretother user interaction schemes such as tapping, stepping on, or shiftingthe user's weight on the device may control biometric monitoring device10, for example, the display. Certain physiological and/or environmentalsensors of biometric monitoring device may be employed to input usercommands and/or information. For example, biometric monitoring device 10may include a plurality of BIA electrodes, photo detectors, and/or acamera which may be used to sense the motion of the foot or toes tocontrol biometric monitoring device 10. Such sensors may provideresolution on the top of biometric monitoring device 10 that facilitateuser inputs and interaction. For example, the user may “swipe” the footacross the device (for example, from the right side to left side ofbiometric monitoring device 10) to transition displays on biometricmonitoring device 10, scroll through a list of user names, etc. This canbe resolved with a plurality of BIA electrodes as a transient change inimpedance across the array of electrodes. It may also be seen as atransient change in received light or color by an array of photodetectors and/or a camera. Similar methods may be used to determine thelocation of specific toe/foot/finger presses on the surface of biometricmonitoring device 10 and may then be used to virtually produce or createbuttons and icons that launch specific “app” or applicationfunctionality. Here, processing circuitry 16 may be employed tointerpret such user inputs via resident sensors. In this way, theresident sensors are employed as a user interface.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring device 10 may monitor thetime between user weight measurements and provide notifications to theuser to weigh-in via email, instant message, posting to the user'scalendar scheduling program, etc. The biometric monitoring device itselfmay display specific notifications to invite the user to perform aweight measurement. Indeed, biometric monitoring device 10 may alsoemploy user interface 14 to alert the user or capture the user'sattention (for example, use its LEDs to glow/throb in specific ways toprovide messaging, or play music or provide audio messages). The onboardor integrated notification device(s) may also be used to provide theuser reminders, alerts, and notices on the use of other devices (e.g.,the Fitbit Tracker) and for other online content (for example,www.fitbit.com, RSS feeds, incoming email).

Notably, the weight sensor of the present inventions may implement rapidor automatically “taring” or zero calibration. Briefly, by way ofbackground, certain digital weight sensors require a period of non-use(up to a few seconds) wherein the sensor zeros itself. Thereafter, thesensor displays “0 lbs” or 0 Kgs” and is available for use. Otherdigital weight sensors include automatically “taring” or zeroing whereinthere is no required period of non-use to zero calibrate the sensor.

In one embodiment, the weight sensor of the present inventions employsrapid zero calibration or taring. In this embodiment, the weight sensorcontinuously samples or periodically samples (for example, on 10 secondintervals) its load cells and stores the sample values in memory (forexample, a data buffer). The number of sample values stored in memorymay be limited or fixed by sizing the memory or data buffer.

In operation, when the user steps onto the sensor, the load cell of theweight sensor will detect and/or sense a significant change therebyindicating the sensor is in use. The processing circuitry 16 may thenuse the sample values stored in memory to zero calibrate the weightsensor. For example, in one embodiment, processing circuitry 16determines a zero point by averaging the values stored in memory (forexample, all of the sample values). Alternatively, processing circuitry16 may average the samples periodically and thereafter, processingcircuitry 16 may average the averages of the sample values. In yetanother embodiment, processing circuitry 16 may average only thosesamples that are within a certain percentage of a median value; samplesthat are outside the percentage are discarded. Notably, the presentinventions may employ any processing technique now known or laterdeveloped to determine a zero point from the aforementioned samples.

Importantly, the present inventions are neither limited to any singleaspect nor embodiment, nor to any combinations and/or permutations ofsuch aspects and/or embodiments. Moreover, each of the aspects of thepresent inventions, and/or embodiments thereof, may be employed alone orin combination with one or more of the other aspects and/or embodimentsthereof. For the sake of brevity, many of those permutations andcombinations will not be discussed and/or illustrated separately herein.

Further, biometric monitoring device 10 may communicate with externalcircuitry using the transmitter circuitry (see, for example, FIGS. 1B,1C, 5A, 5C, 10B and 10C), receiver circuitry (see, for example, FIGS.1B, 1C, 5B, 5C, 10B and 10C), removable memory, electrical or opticalcommunication or connector (for example, hardwired communications viaUSB).

Moreover, as indicated above, biometric monitoring device 10 maycommunicate with local or remote external devices and/or appliances aswell as selected or user-specified websites on the Internet. (See, forexample, FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C). In one embodiment, biometric monitoringdevice 10 is programmed or configured via local or remote devices(whether via or over the Internet or point-to-point connection). Inanother embodiment, the portable activity monitoring device maycommunicate with biometric monitoring device as well as selected oruser-specified external devices and/or websites on the Internet. (See,for example, FIG. 6D). In this embodiment, the portable activitymonitoring device acts as a communication hub in relation to biometricmonitoring device 10 and a remote device or the Internet. For theavoidance of doubt, all means and/or techniques of communication,whether now known or later developed, are intended to fall within thescope of the present invention.

Notably, although much of the discussion above in connection withcommunication with a portable monitoring device having activity sensors(to detect the activity of the user), such secondary or externaldevice(s) may include one or more environmental sensors to detect,measure and/or sense ambient environmental conditions (in addition tothe activity sensors or in lieu thereof) and may be stationary (e.g., ahousehold appliance). For example, the secondary monitoring device mayinclude one or more environmental sensors to detect, measure and/orsense ambient pressure, temperature, sound, light, humidity, locationand/or atmosphere. As noted above, biometric monitoring device 10 mayinclude communication circuitry to receive data from the secondarymonitoring device and, in one embodiment, store such data in residentmemory and/or upload such data (whether or not processed) to one or morelocal (for example, via a LAN) or remote data storage devices (forexample, remote data storage devices via the internet). All discussionsregarding biometric monitoring device 10 in relation to the secondarymonitoring device having one or more activity sensors is applicable toother monitoring devices having one or more activity sensors and/orenvironmental sensors. For the sake of brevity, such discussions willnot be repeated.

As mentioned above, biometric monitoring device 10 may store and/ortransmit the raw data or pseudo-raw (i.e., processed) data from one ormore (or all) of the sensor(s). For example, biometric monitoring device10 may store and/or transmit data which is representative of weight,body fat, heart waveform (for example, ECG trace), heart rate, bloodsugar, blood pressure and/or EEG. Notably, the data which is storedand/or transmitted may be filtered versions of the aforementioned, forexample, filtered using passive elements (for example, RC networks)and/or active elements (for example, active electronics),frequency-domain methods (Butterworth filter, etc.), statistical methods(Kalman filter, etc.), time-series analysis (ARX models, etc.) and/orwavelets.

The raw or pseudo-raw (for example, filtered versions) of theaforementioned data may be stored and/or transmitted in time epochs thatdiffer from the original (e.g., 1 Hz instead of 100 Hz) or in summaryversions (e.g., mean, variance, integral, power, coefficient ofvariation, etc.) and may include signal quantities that are derivedtypically for use in a classification algorithm and other downstreamcalculations. In addition, the raw or pseudo-raw (for example, filteredversions) of the aforementioned data may be stored and/or transmitted incompressed or uncompressed formats. Such data may also be stored and/ortransmitted in a matched to a value format that, for example, capturesthe approximate or exact value of the data (e.g., look-up table, rangeslike “small”, “medium” and “large”).

Notably, in addition to receiving activity data, environmental dataand/or physiologic data (from, for example, a portable monitoring deviceand/or local application or sensor) to, for example, store (i) withinthe biometric monitoring device and/or (ii) remotely from the biometricmonitoring device (for example, off-site via the internet) in one ormore selected data storage devices, the communication circuitry of thebiometric monitoring device may also facilitate programming of theactivity monitoring device, for example, programming the device toacquire selected activity and/or physiologic data (for example, viaenabling and/or disabling selected sensors), acquiring activity and/orphysiologic data, and/or calculate, monitor and/or determine selectedactivity parameters (for example, via enabling or disabling processingcircuitry 16 accordingly). In this way, for example, a user may uploadactivity data, environmental data or physiologic data to, for example,one or more selected data storage devices. Notably, the one or more datastorage devices may store the data in digital and/or analog form;indeed, any data storage device, whether now known or later developed,is intended to fall within the scope of the present inventions.

It should be noted that the term “circuit” may mean, among other things,a single component or a multiplicity of components (whether inintegrated circuit form or otherwise), which are active and/or passive,and which are coupled together to provide or perform a desired function.The term “circuitry” may mean, among other things, a circuit (whetherintegrated or otherwise), a group of such circuits, one or moreprocessors, one or more state machines, one or more processorsimplementing software, one or more gate arrays, programmable gate arraysand/or field programmable gate arrays, or a combination of one or morecircuits (whether integrated or otherwise), one or more state machines,one or more processors, one or more processors implementing software,one or more gate arrays, programmable gate arrays and/or fieldprogrammable gate arrays. The term “data” may mean, among other things,a current or voltage signal(s) whether in an analog or a digital form,which may be a single bit (or the like) or multiple bits (or the like).

The various features, elements and/or circuitry of the biometricmonitoring device may be disposed or integrated in or on oneplatform/housing or may be disposed in or on, or dispersed among aplurality of platforms/housings. FIGS. 16A-16D depict exemplaryembodiments of the distribution of components of biometric monitoringdevice 10 across multiple platforms/housings. In one embodiment, thecomponents, elements or circuitry in/on the different platforms/housingsmay be “interconnected”, for example, electrically, mechanically and/oroptically. In addition thereto, or in lieu thereof, such components,elements or circuitry may be interconnected (and function together)through wireless communication circuitry (for example, electrical,optical or audio). In yet another embodiment, they may be configured tobe attachable and detachable. The following configurations/embodimentsare exemplary:

-   -   1. The biometric monitoring device consists of a platform        situated on the ground and a separate display (for example, a        wall-mounted display). The platform facilitates acquisition of        the aforementioned physiologic data (for example, weight, body        fat, lean muscle mass, and/or heart rate) and the display        presents the user with the aforementioned or associated data.        The display and platform may communicate, for example, via        electrical, optical, wireless and/or wired communication        including, for example, LAN or WAN. Indeed, in one embodiment,        the display may be or resemble a mirror wherein a portion        thereof is dedicated for display or the physiologic data is        presented to the user in a manner similar to heads-up display.    -   2. The biometric monitoring device consists of a weighing        platform situated on the ground and a separate wall-mounted        device that measures heart rate, respiratory rate, blood        pressure, user height, sun exposure, hair length, wrinkles, etc.        with one or more video cameras. The wall-mounted and        floor-situated devices may both have displays to present the        user with information.    -   3. The biometric monitoring device of #2 with an additional        device that acts as a detachable remote control.    -   4. The biometric monitoring device of #3 with an additional        device that may act as a handheld pulse oximeter to measure        heart rate and oxygen saturation, a thermometer to measure body        temperature, a blood pressure cuff, a set of bio-impedance        analysis electrodes for hand-to-foot body fat analysis, a blood        glucose meter.    -   5. The biometric monitoring device consists of a weighing        platform situated on the ground and a separate wall-mounted or        hand-held device that measures heart rate through        electrocardiography.    -   6. The biometric monitoring device consists of a weighing        platform situated on the ground and a separate wall-mounted        device that measures body temperature with an infrared sensor.        The infrared sensor may comprise photodetectors, photodiodes, or        a camera and the user may or may not be illuminated with an        external light source. The wall-mounted and floor-situated        devices may both have displays to present the user with        information.    -   7. The biometric monitoring device consists of a weighing        platform situated on the ground and a separate wall-mounted        device that measures heart rate, respiratory rate, blood        pressure with one or more photodetectors, either using ambient        light or active illumination. Illumination may be achieved with        onboard lighting or control of external lighting fixtures in the        room. The wall-mounted and floor-situated devices may both have        displays to present the user with information.    -   8. The aforementioned inventions that incorporate a        wall-mountable display wherein the display is instead provided        by wall projection.    -   9. The biometric monitoring device of #1 wherein the display        comprises a plurality of camera sensors at known positions which        may image the user to compose a 3D model of the user's face        and/or body.    -   10. The biometric monitoring device of #1 wherein the display        comprises one or more cameras and one or more light sources that        can be controlled to illuminate the user in specific patterns so        as to image the user and compose a 3D model of the user's face        and/or body. The lights may optionally be a combination of        external light fixtures and onboard lights.

As such, the present inventions are not limited a biometric monitoringdevice wherein the components, elements and/or circuitry of thebiometric monitoring device are disposed or integrated in or on oneplatform/housing. Notable, the aforementioned exemplary embodiments areintended or presented for illustration purposes and all permutations andcombinations of features, elements and/or circuitry of the biometricmonitoring device (as described in this application) whether integratedin one platform/housing or dispersed among a plurality ofplatforms/housings, are intended to fall within the scope of the presentinventions. For the sake of brevity, all of the permutations andcombinations of components, elements and/or circuitry in conjunctionwith one platform/housing or a plurality of platforms or housings arenot discussed and/or illustrated separately herein.

The platform/housing of biometric monitoring device 10 may take anyshape or configuration, all of which are intended to fall within thescope of the present inventions. In one embodiment, biometric monitoringdevice 10 may include a housing/platform wherein user interface 14 isdisposed between the foot pads and the bottom may be sculpted in anundulating form (see, FIG. 17). Where the device includes a thin film ofconductive material on its surface (e.g., ITO) to be used inapplications such as measuring body fat, hydration, and the like and/orused as a touch-based interface (e.g., buttons), the connections of theconductive film to the device's internal circuitry may be situated belowthe main display so that they not visible (see FIG. 17). The display maybe made of or include a conductive material (e.g., a metal ring) inorder to electrically connect different segments of the film. In apreferred embodiment, the display has an outer conductive metallic ringsituated above a nonconductive plastic lens so that 1) the outer ringdoes not electrically connect to the conductive thin film on the topsurface of the device and 2) the display may be viewed through the lens.Notably, user interface 14 of biometric monitoring device 10 may provideinformation which is representative of biometric information (forexample, weight, percent body fat and/or BMI), activity data (forexample, from a portable monitoring device, and/or operating conditionsof biometric monitoring device 10 (for example, power levels,communication conditions, etc.) and/or the portable monitoring device.(See, FIG. 18).

It should be further noted that the various circuits and circuitrydisclosed herein may be described using computer aided design tools andexpressed (or represented), as data and/or instructions embodied invarious computer-readable media, for example, in terms of theirbehavioral, register transfer, logic component, transistor, layoutgeometries, and/or other characteristics. Formats of files and otherobjects in which such circuit expressions may be implemented include,but are not limited to, formats supporting behavioral languages such asC, Verilog, and HLDL, formats supporting register level descriptionlanguages like RTL, and formats supporting geometry descriptionlanguages such as GDSII, GDSIII, GDSIV, CIF, MEBES and any othersuitable formats and languages. Computer-readable media in which suchformatted data and/or instructions may be embodied include, but are notlimited to, non-volatile storage media in various forms (e.g., optical,magnetic or semiconductor storage media) and carrier waves that may beused to transfer such formatted data and/or instructions throughwireless, optical, or wired signaling media or any combination thereof.Examples of transfers of such formatted data and/or instructions bycarrier waves include, but are not limited to, transfers (uploads,downloads, e-mail, etc.) over the Internet and/or other computernetworks via one or more data transfer protocols (e.g., HTTP, FTP, SMTP,etc.). The present inventions are also directed to such representationof the circuitry described herein, and/or techniques implementedthereby, and, as such, are intended to fall within the scope of thepresent inventions.

Indeed, when received within a computer system via one or morecomputer-readable media, such data and/or instruction-based expressionsof the above described circuits may be processed by a processing entity(e.g., one or more processors) within the computer system in conjunctionwith execution of one or more other computer programs including, withoutlimitation, net-list generation programs, place and route programs andthe like, to generate a representation or image of a physicalmanifestation of such circuits. Such representation or image maythereafter be used in device fabrication, for example, by enablinggeneration of one or more masks that are used to form various componentsof the circuits in a device fabrication process.

Moreover, the various circuits and circuitry, as well as techniques,disclosed herein may be represented via simulations and simulationinstruction-based expressions using computer aided design, simulationand/or testing tools. The simulation of the various sensors, processingcircuitry, user interface, transmitter circuitry and/or receivercircuitry of the present inventions (regardless of combination orpermutation of sensors, processing circuitry, transmitter circuitryand/or receiver circuitry), including the processes or techniquesimplemented thereby, may be implemented by a computer system whereincharacteristics and operations of such circuitry, and techniquesimplemented thereby, are simulated, imitated, replicated, analyzedand/or predicted via a computer system. The present inventions are alsodirected to such simulations and testing of the inventive biometricmonitoring device (or portions thereof including, for example, thevarious sensors, processing circuitry, user interface, input/outputcircuitry (although not illustrated—the input/output circuitry may bediscrete circuitry or circuitry which is integrated into the processingcircuitry), transmitter circuitry and/or receiver circuitry), and/ortechniques implemented thereby, and, as such, are intended to fallwithin the scope of the present inventions. The computer-readable mediaand data corresponding to such simulations and/or testing tools are alsointended to fall within the scope of the present inventions.

The term “calculate” and other forms (i.e., calculating, calculated andcalculation) in the claims means, among other things, calculate,assesses, determine and/or estimate and other forms thereof. The term“activity data” in the claims means, among other things, datacorresponding to activity, food consumption and/or sleep. In addition,the term “user identification data” or the like, as used herein and inthe claims, is any data that identifies a particular user, a particulardevice and/or from which a particular user or device may be determined;the user identification data may be data separate from the physiologic,activity and/or environmental data and/or may be incorporated orintegrated in the physiologic, activity and/or environmental data;moreover, the user identification data may be implied from thecommunication with an external device (for example, portable activitymonitoring device and/or biometric device) and/or implied from otherdata (for example, the physiologic data from a biometric monitoringdevice and/or activity data or physiologic data from a portable activitymonitoring device and/or biometric device).

Notably, the terms “first,” “second,” and the like, herein do not denoteany order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguishone element from another. Moreover, in the claims, the terms “a” and“an” herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denotethe presence of at least one of the referenced item.

1. A biometric monitoring system to measure a weight of a user, thebiometric monitoring system comprising: a first housing configured to beplaced on a flat horizontal surface and including a platform configuredto receive at least one foot of the user and capable of supporting thebody weight of the user; a body weight sensor, mechanically coupled tothe platform, and configured to generate body weight data that isrepresentative of the weight of the user and output the body weight datato processing circuitry; a first physiological sensor configured toprovide data other than body weight data; and the processing circuitry,the processing circuitry communicatively coupled to the body weightsensor, communicatively coupled to the first physiological sensor, andconfigured to calculate user weight data that corresponds to the weightof the user using the body weight data
 2. The biometric monitoringsystem of claim 1, further comprising a second housing separate from thefirst housing, wherein the second housing includes the firstphysiological sensor.
 3. The biometric monitoring system of claim 1,further comprising a second housing separate from the first housing,wherein: the first housing further includes first communicationcircuitry; the second housing includes a display and secondcommunication circuitry communicatively coupled with one another; thefirst communication circuitry and the second communication circuitry arecommunicatively coupled; the processing circuitry is configured to:output the user weight data to the first communication circuitry, outputthe physiological quantity to the first communication circuitry, andcause the display to present content selected from the group consistingof: the user weight data, the physiological quantity, and the userweight data and the physiological quantity.
 4. The biometric monitoringsystem of claim 1, further comprising a second physiological sensor inaddition to the first physiological sensor and the body weight sensor.5. The biometric monitoring system of claim 4, further comprising athird housing separate from the first and second housings, wherein thethird housing includes the second physiological sensor.
 6. The biometricmonitoring system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry isconfigured to calculate a physiological quantity of the user.
 7. Thebiometric monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the first physiologicalsensor includes a heart rate sensor configured to detect the heart rateof the user and output heart rate data to the processing circuitry. 8.The biometric monitoring system of claim 7, wherein the firstphysiological sensor comprises one or more sensors configured to detectexpansion and contraction of the user's blood vessels and the processingcircuitry determines the heart rate of the user usingballistocardiography.
 9. The biometric monitoring system of claim 1,wherein the first physiological sensor comprises one or morelight-emitting diode (LED)/photodetector pairs.
 10. The biometricmonitoring system of claim 9, wherein: the one or more LED/photodetectorpairs are configured to: illuminate a part of the user's foot that is onthe platform using the LED, measure an amount of light, using thephotodetector, from the illumination that is reflected back into thephotodetector by the foot, and output light reflection data indicativeof the measured amount of light to the processing circuitry; and theprocessing circuitry is configured to calculate a physiological quantityof the user using the light reflection data.
 11. The biometricmonitoring system of claim 10, wherein the physiological quantity isselected from the group consisting of: heart rate, respiratory rate,blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and foot size.
 12. The biometricmonitoring system of claim 1, wherein the first physiological sensorcomprises a photoplethysmographic sensor.
 13. The biometric monitoringsystem of claim 1, wherein the first physiological sensor comprises oneor more cameras.
 14. The biometric monitoring system of claim 1, whereinthe first physiological sensor comprises an electrocardiographic sensor.15. The biometric monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the firstphysiological sensor comprises a photodiode.
 16. The biometricmonitoring system of claim 1, wherein the first physiological sensorcomprises multiple bioelectrical impedance analysis electrodes.
 17. Thebiometric monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the first physiologicalsensor is selected from the group consisting of: discrete metal probes,indium-tin-oxide coatings on a substrate, and a capacitive array. 18.The biometric monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the processingcircuitry is configured to permit the user to disable the physiologicalsensor.
 19. The biometric monitoring system of claim 1, wherein theprocessing circuitry is configured to identify the user and to disablethe first physiological sensor based on the identity of the user. 20.The biometric monitoring system of claim 6, further comprisingcommunication circuitry, the communication circuitry configured totransmit the user weight data or the physiological quantity to anexternal device.